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Preliminary
FM24C512
512Kb FRAM Serial Memory Features
512Kbit Ferroelectric Nonvolatile RAM Organized as 65,536 x 8 bits High Endurance 10 Billion (1010) Read/Writes 45 year Data Retention NoDelay Writes Advanced High-Reliability Ferroelectric Process Fast Two-wire Serial Interface Up to 1 MHz Maximum Bus Frequency Supports Legacy Timing for 100 kHz & 400 kHz Low Power Operation 5V Operation 250 A Active Current (100 kHz) 120 A Standby Current Industry Standard Configuration Industrial Temperature -40 C to +85 C 8-pin Green /RoHS EIAJ SOIC Package
Description
The FM24C512 is a 512-kilobit nonvolatile memory employing an advanced ferroelectric process. A ferroelectric random access memory or FRAM is nonvolatile and performs reads and writes like a RAM. It provides reliable data retention for 45 years while eliminating the complexities, overhead, and system level reliability problems caused by EEPROM and other nonvolatile memories. The FM24C512 performs write operations at bus speed. No write delays are incurred. The next bus cycle may commence immediately without the need for data polling. In addition, the product offers write endurance orders of magnitude higher than EEPROM. Also, FRAM exhibits much lower power during writes than EEPROM since write operations do not require an internally elevated power supply voltage for write circuits. These capabilities make the FM24C512 ideal for nonvolatile memory applications requiring frequent or rapid writes. Examples range from data collection where the number of write cycles may be critical, to demanding industrial controls where the long write time of EEPROM can cause data loss. The combination of features allows more frequent data writing with less overhead for the system. The FM24C512 is available in an 8-pin EIAJ SOIC package using an industry standard two-wire protocol. Ramtron s green packages are RoHS compliant. Specifications are guaranteed over an industrial temperature range of -40C to +85C.
Pin Configuration
NC A1 A2 VSS
1 2 3 4
8 7 6 5
VDD WP SCL SDA
Pin Names A1,A2 SDA SCL WP VSS VDD
Function Device Select Address Serial Data/Address Serial Clock Write Protect Ground Supply Voltage 5V
Ordering Information
FM24C512-G Green /RoHS 8-pin EIAJ SOIC
This is a product that has fixed target specifications but are subject to change pending characterization results.
Ramtron International Corporation 1850 Ramtron Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 (800) 545-FRAM, (719) 481-7000 http://www.ramtron.com Page 1of 12
Rev. 1.0 Aug. 2006
FM24C512
Counter
Address Latch
8,192 x 64 FRAM Array
8
SDA
Serial to Parallel Converter
Data Latch
SCL WP A1,A2 Control Logic
Figure 1. Block Diagram
Pin Description Pin Name A1, A2 Type Input Pin Description Address 1, 2: These pins are used to select one of up to 4 devices of the same type on the same two-wire bus. To select the device, the address value on the two pins must match the corresponding bits contained in the device address. The address pins are pulled down internally. Write Protect: When WP is high, the entire array will be write-protected. When WP is low, all addresses may be written. This pin is internally pulled down. Serial Data/Address: This is a bi-directional input used to shift serial data and addresses for the two-wire interface. It employs an open-drain output and is intended to be wire-OR d with other devices on the two-wire bus. The input buffer incorporates a Schmitt trigger for improved noise immunity and the output driver has slope control for falling edges. An external pull-up resistor is required. Serial Clock: The serial clock input for the two-wire interface. Data is clocked out of the device on the SCL falling edge, and clocked in on the SCL rising edge. The SCL input also incorporates a Schmitt trigger input for improved noise immunity. Supply Voltage: 5V Ground
WP SDA
Input I/O
SCL
Input
VDD VSS
Supply Supply
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FM24C512
Overview
The FM24C512 is a serial FRAM memory. The device has 65,536 locations with 8 data bits each and is accessed using an industry standard two-wire interface. Functional operation of the FRAM is similar to serial EEPROMs. The major difference between the FM24C512 and a serial EEPROM relates to its superior write performance.
Two-wire Interface
The FM24C512 employs a bi-directional two-wire bus protocol using few pins and little board space. Figure 2 illustrates a typical system configuration using the FM24C512 in a microcontroller-based system. The industry standard two-wire bus is familiar to many users but is described in this section. By convention, any device that is sending data onto the bus is the transmitter while the target device for this data is the receiver. The device that is controlling the bus is the master. The master is responsible for generating the clock signal for all operations. Any device on the bus that is being controlled is a slave. The FM24C512 is always a slave device. The bus protocol is controlled by transition states in the SDA and SCL signals. There are four conditions including Start, Stop, Data bit, and Acknowledge. Figure 3 illustrates the signal conditions that specify the four states. Detailed timing diagrams are shown in the Electrical Specifications section.
VDD
Memory Architecture
The FM24C512 is logically organized as two 32,768 x 8 bit memory arrays for a total of 65,536 locations. The device should be treated as two banks, each bank being selectable by the most significant address bit A15. The MSB is located in the Slave Address byte and can be considered a bank select bit. See Figure 4. Data bits are shifted serially into and out of the device. The 65,536 addresses are accessed using the two-wire protocol, which includes a Slave Address (to distinguish from other non-memory devices), and a 16-bit address. The memory is read or written at the speed of the two-wire bus. Unlike an EEPROM, it is not necessary to poll the device for a ready condition since writes occur at bus speed. By the time a new bus transaction can be shifted into the part, a write operation is complete. This is explained in more detail in the interface section below. Users can expect several obvious system benefits from the FM24C512 due to its fast write cycle and high endurance as compared with EEPROM. However there are less obvious benefits as well. For example in a high noise environment, the fast-write operation is less susceptible to corruption than an EEPROM since the write cycle is completed quickly. By contrast, an EEPROM requiring milliseconds to write is vulnerable to noise during much of the cycle. Note that the FM24C512 contains no power management circuits other than a simple internal power-on reset. It is the user s responsibility to ensure that VDD is maintained within data sheet tolerances to prevent incorrect operation.
Rmin = 1.8 K? Rmax = tR/Cbus
Microcontroller
SDA
SCL
SDA
SCL
FM24C512 A1 A2 VDD
FM24C512 A1 A2
Figure 2. Typical System Configuration
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FM24C512
7 Stop (Master) Start (Master)
6
0 Data bit Acknowledge (Transmitter) (Receiver)
Data bits (Transmitter)
Figure 3. Data Transfer Protocol Stop Condition A Stop condition is indicated when the bus master drives SDA from low to high while the SCL signal is high. All operations using the FM24C512 must end with a Stop condition. If an operation is pending when a Stop is asserted, the operation will be aborted. The master must have control of SDA (not a memory read) in order to assert a Stop condition. Start Condition A Start condition is indicated when the bus master drives SDA from high to low while the SCL signal is high. All read and write transactions begin with a Start condition. An operation in progress can be aborted by asserting a Start condition at any time. Aborting an operation using the Start condition will ready the FM24C512 for a new operation. If during operation the power supply drops below the specified VDD minimum, the system should issue a Start condition prior to performing another operation. Data/Address Transfer All data transfers (including addresses) take place while the SCL signal is high. Except under the two conditions described above, the SDA signal should not change while SCL is high. Acknowledge The Acknowledge takes place after the 8th data bit has been transferred in any transaction. During this state the transmitter should release the SDA bus to allow the receiver to drive it. The receiver drives the SDA signal low to acknowledge receipt of the byte. If the receiver does not drive SDA low, the condition is a No-Acknowledge and the operation is aborted. The receiver would fail to acknowledge for two distinct reasons. First is that a byte transfer fails. In this case, the No-Acknowledge terminates the current operation so that the part can be addressed again. This allows the last byte to be recovered in the event of a communication error. Second and most common, the receiver does not acknowledge to deliberately end an operation. For example, during a read operation, the FM24C512 will continue to place data onto the bus as long as the receiver sends Acknowledges (and clocks). When a read operation is complete and no more data is needed, the receiver must not acknowledge the last byte. If the receiver acknowledges the last byte, this will cause the FM24C512 to attempt to drive the bus on the next clock while the master is sending a new command such as Stop. Slave Address The first byte that the FM24C512 expects after a Start condition is the Slave Address. As shown in Figure 4, the Slave Address contains the Slave ID (device type), the device select bits (A1, A2), the MSB (A15) of the two-byte address, and a bit that specifies if the transaction is a read or a write. Bits 7-4 define the device type and must be set to 1010b for the FM24C512. These bits allow other types of function types to reside on the 2-wire bus within an identical address range. Bits 3-2 are the device select bits which are equivalent to chip select bits. They must match the corresponding value on the external address pins to select the device. Up to four FM24C512 devices can reside on the same two-wire bus by assigning a different address to each. Bit 1 is the most significant address bit and acts like a bank select bit. This is important to understand when the device automatically increments the address at the 7FFFh and FFFFh boundaries (covered in the next section). Bit 0 is the read/write bit. A 1 indicates a read operation, and a 0 indicates a write.
Slave ID Device Select Address MSB
1 7
0 6
1 5
0 4
A2 3
A1 2
A15 1
R/W 0
Figure 4. Slave Address
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FM24C512 Addressing Overview After the FM24C512 (as receiver) acknowledges the Slave Address, the master can drive the remaining portion of the memory address for a write operation. The complete address is specified by the A15 bit in the Slave Address and two additional bytes (A14A0). The first address byte specifies A14 A8, where the first of the eight bits is a don t care . Following the upper address byte is the lower byte (A7 A0). The address value A(14:0) is latched internally. The MSB A15 is not latched. Each access causes the latched address value to be incremented automatically. The current address is the value that is held in the latch, either a newly written value or the address following the last access. The current address will be held as long as power remains or until a new value is written. Reads always use the current address, however A15 must be specified. A random read address can be loaded by starting a write operation as explained below. After transmission of each data byte, just prior to the acknowledge, the FM24C512 increments the internal address latch. This allows the next sequential byte to be accessed with no additional addressing externally. When auto-incrementing, the user must be aware that the address DOES NOT increment from 7FFFh to 8000h and DOES NOT wrap from FFFFh to 0000h. The memory should be treated as two separate address spaces, an upper and lower. When the last address in the lower half (7FFFh) is reached, the address rolls over to 0000h. Likewise when the last address in the upper half (FFFFh) is reached, the address rolls over to 8000h. Data Transfer After the address information has been transmitted, data transfer between the bus master and the FM24C512 can begin. For a read operation the FM24C512 will place 8 data bits on the bus then wait for an Acknowledge from the master. If the Acknowledge occurs, the FM24C512 will transfer the next sequential byte. If the Acknowledge is not sent, the FM24C512 will end the read operation. For a write operation, the FM24C512 will accept 8 data bits from the master then send an acknowledge. All data transfer occurs MSB (most significant bit) first. operation for both writes and reads is explained below. Write Operation All writes begin with a Slave Address, then a memory address. The bus master indicates a write operation by setting the LSB of the Slave Address to a 0 . After addressing, the bus master sends each byte of data to the memory and the memory generates an Acknowledge condition. Sequential bytes may be written through the address space however care must be taken when autoincrementing. The memory is separated into an upper and lower address space. The auto-increment feature of the device will cause the address to wrap from 7FFFh to 0000h in the lower half and wrap from FFFFh to 8000h for the upper half of the memory. Unlike other nonvolatile memory technologies, there is essentially no write delay with FRAM. Since the read and write access times of the underlying memory are the same, the user experiences no delay on the bus. The entire memory cycle occurs in less time than a single bus clock. Therefore, any operation including a read or write can occur immediately following a write. Acknowledge polling, a technique used with EEPROMs to determine if a write has completed is unnecessary and will always return a ready condition. Internally, an actual memory write occurs after the 8th data bit is transferred. It will be complete before the Acknowledge is sent. Therefore, if the user desires to abort a write without altering the memory contents, this should be done using a Start or Stop condition prior to the 8th data bit. The FM24C512 uses no page buffering. The memory array can be write protected using the WP pin. Pulling the WP pin high will write-protect all addresses. The FM24C512 will not acknowledge data bytes that are written when WP is active. In addition, the address counter will not increment if writes are attempted to these addresses. Setting WP low will deactivate this feature. WP is internally pulled down. The state of WP should remain stable from the Start command until the address is complete. Figure 5 and 6 below illustrate both a single-byte and multiple-write.
Memory Operation
The FM24C512 is designed to operate in a manner very similar to other 2-wire interface memory products. The major differences result from the higher performance write capability of FRAM technology. These improvements result in some differences between the FM24C512 and a similar configuration EEPROM during writes. The complete
Rev. 1.0 Aug. 2006
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FM24C512
By Master
Start A15 S Slave Address 0A
Address & Data
Stop
X Address MSB
A
Address LSB
A
Data Byte
A
P
By FM24C512
Acknowledge
Figure 5. Single Byte Write
Start Address & Data By Master A15 S Slave Address 0A Stop
X Address MSB
A
Address LSB
A
Data Byte
A
Data Byte
A
P
By FM24C512
Acknowledge
Figure 6. Multiple Byte Write Read Operation There are two types of read operations. They are current address read and selective address read. In a current address read, the FM24C512 uses the internal address latch to supply the address, but A15 must be specified in the Slave Address byte. In a selective read, the user performs a procedure to set the address to a specific value. Current Address & Sequential Read As mentioned above the FM24C512 uses an internal latch to supply the address for a read operation. A current address read uses the existing value in the address latch as a starting place for the read operation. However, the address latch holds A(14:0), so A15 must be specified. The system reads from the address immediately following that of the last operation. To perform a current address read, the bus master supplies a device address with the LSB set to 1. This indicates that a read operation is requested. After receiving the complete device address, the FM24C512 will begin shifting out data from the current address on the next clock. The current address is the value held in the internal address latch. Beginning with the current address, the bus master can read any number of bytes. Thus, a sequential read is simply a current address read with multiple byte transfers. After each byte, the internal address counter will be incremented. Each time the bus master acknowledges a byte, this indicates that the FM24C512 should read out the next sequential byte. There are four ways to properly terminate a read operation. Failing to properly terminate the read will most likely create a bus contention as the FM24C512 attempts to read out additional data onto the bus. The four valid methods are as follows. 1. The bus master issues a no-acknowledge in the 9th clock cycle and a stop in the 10th clock cycle. This is illustrated in the diagrams below. This is preferred. The bus master issues a no-acknowledge in the 9th clock cycle and a start in the 10th. The bus master issues a stop in the 9th clock cycle. The bus master issues a start in the 9th clock cycle.
2. 3. 4.
The memory should be treated as two separate address spaces, an upper and lower. If the internal address reaches 7FFFh, it will wrap around to 0000h on the next read cycle. Likewise if the internal address reaches FFFFh, it will wrap around to 8000h on the next read cycle. Figures 7 and 8 show the proper operation for current address reads. Selective (Random) Read There is a simple technique that allows a user to select a random address location as the starting point for a read operation. This involves using the first
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FM24C512 three bytes of a write operation to set the internal address followed by subsequent read operations. To perform a selective read, the bus master sends out the device address with the LSB set to 0. This specifies a write operation. According to the write protocol, the bus master then sends the address bytes that are loaded into the internal address latch. After the FM24C512 acknowledges the address, the bus master issues a Start condition. This simultaneously aborts the write operation and allows the read command to be issued with the device address LSB set to a 1. The operation is now a current address read.
By Master
Start
Address
A15 1A Data Byte
No Acknowledge Stop 1 P
S
Slave Address
By FM24C512
Acknowledge
Data
Figure 7. Current Address Read
By Master
Start
Address
A15
Acknowledge
No Acknowledge Stop
S
Slave Address
1A
Data Byte
A
Data Byte
1P
By FM24C512
Acknowledge
Data
Figure 8. Sequential Read
Start By Master A15 S Slave Address 0AX
Address Start Address
No Acknowledge Stop
Address MSB
A
Address LSB
A
S
Slave Address
1A
Data Byte
1P
By FM24C512
Acknowledge
Data
Figure 9. Selective (Random) Read
Endurance
A FRAM internally operates with a read and restore mechanism. Therefore, endurance cycles are applied for each read and write access. The FRAM architecture is based on an array of rows and columns. Rows (A15-A6) are subdivided into 8 segments (A5-A3). Each access causes an endurance cycle for a row segment. In the FM24C512, there are
8 bytes per segment. Endurance can be optimized by ensuring frequently accessed data is located in different segments. Regardless, FRAM read and write endurance is effectively unlimited at the 1MHz two-wire speed. Even at 30 accesses per second to the same segment, 10 years time will pass before 10 billion endurance cycles occur.
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FM24C512
Electrical Specifications
Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Description VDD Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS VIN Voltage on any signal pin with respect to VSS TSTG TLEAD VESD Storage Temperature Lead temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds) Electrostatic Discharge Voltage - Human Body Model (JEDEC Std JESD22-A114-B) - Machine Model (JEDEC Std JESD22-A115-A) Package Moisture Sensitivity Level Ratings -1.0V to +7.0V -1.0V to +7.0V and VIN < VDD+1.0V * -55 C to + 125 C 300 C 4kV 400V MSL-1
* Exception: The VIN < VDD+1.0V restriction does not apply to the SCL and SDA inputs. Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only, and the functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC Operating Conditions (TA = -40 C to + 85 C, VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units Notes VDD Main Power Supply 4.5 5.0 5.5 V IDD VDD Supply Current 1 @ SCL = 100 kHz 250 A @ SCL = 400 kHz 650 A @ SCL = 1 MHz 1.5 mA ISB Standby Current 120 2 A ILI Input Leakage Current 3 1 A ILO Output Leakage Current 3 1 A VIH Input High Voltage 0.7 VDD VDD + 0.5 V 4 VIL Input Low Voltage -0.3 0.3 VDD V 4 VOL Output Low Voltage 0.4 V @ IOL = 3 mA RIN Address Input Resistance (WP, A1, A2) For VIN = VIL (max) 10 5 K For VIN = VIH (min) 500 K VHYS Input Hysteresis 0.05 VDD V 4 Notes 1. SCL toggling between VDD-0.3V and VSS, other inputs VSS or VDD-0.3V. 2. SCL = SDA = VDD. All inputs VSS or VDD. Stop command issued. 3. VIN or VOUT = VSS to VDD. Does not apply to WP, A1, A2 pins. 4. This parameter is characterized but not tested. 5. The input pull-down circuit is strong (10K ) when the input voltage is below VIL and weak (500K ) when the input
voltage is above VIH. This resistance is characterized and not tested.
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FM24C512 AC Parameters (TA = -40 C to + 85 C, VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V, CL = 100 pF unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Min Max Min Max Min Max fSCL SCL Clock Frequency 0 100 0 400 0 1000 tLOW Clock Low Period 4.7 1.3 0.6 tHIGH Clock High Period 4.0 0.6 0.4 tAA SCL Low to SDA Data Out Valid 3 0.9 0.55 tBUF tHD:STA tSU:STA tHD:DAT tSU:DAT tR tF tSU:STO tDH tSP Bus Free Before New Transmission Start Condition Hold Time Start Condition Setup for Repeated Start Data In Hold Data In Setup Input Rise Time Input Fall Time Stop Condition Setup Data Output Hold (from SCL @ VIL) Noise Suppression Time Constant on SCL, SDA 4.7 4.0 4.7 0 250 1000 300 4.0 0 50 0.6 0 50 1.3 0.6 0.6 0 100 300 300 0.25 0 50 0.5 0.25 0.25 0 100 300 100
Units kHz s s s s s s ns ns ns ns s ns ns
Notes
1 1
Notes : All SCL specifications as well as start and stop conditions apply to both read and write operations. 1 This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.
Capacitance (TA = 25 C, f=1.0 MHz, VDD = 5V) Symbol Parameter CI/O Input/Output Capacitance (SDA) CIN Input Capacitance
Max 12 10
Units pF pF
Notes 1 1
Notes 1 This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.
AC Test Conditions Input Pulse Levels Input rise and fall times Input and output timing levels 0.1 VDD to 0.9 VDD 10 ns 0.5 VDD
Equivalent AC Load Circuit
5.5V
1700 Output 100 pF
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FM24C512 Diagram Notes All start and stop timing parameters apply to both read and write cycles. Clock specifications are identical for read and write cycles. Write timing parameters apply to slave address, word address, and write data bits. Functional relationships are illustrated in the relevant data sheet sections. These diagrams illustrate the timing parameters only. Read Bus Timing
tR tF t HIGH t LOW t SP t SP
SCL
t SU:STA t BUF 1/fSCL t HD:DAT t SU:DAT t DH
SDA Start Stop Start
tAA
Acknowledge
Write Bus Timing
t HD:DAT
SCL
t SU:STO t HD:STA t SU:DAT t AA
SDA Start Stop Start Acknowledge
Data Retention (VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V, +85 C) Parameter Data Retention
Min 45
Units Years
Notes
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FM24C512
Mechanical Drawing
8-pin EIAJ SOIC
Recommended PCB Footprint
9.30
5.28 0.10
8.00 0.25
2.15
5.00
Pin 1
1.27
0.65
5.23 0.10
1.78 2.00
0.19 0.25
1.27 0.36 0.50
0.05 0.25
0.10 mm
0 -8
0.51 0.76
All dimensions in millimeters.
EIAJ SOIC Package Marking Scheme
Legend: XXXXXX= part number LLLLLLL= lot code RIC=Ramtron Int l Corp, YY=year, WW=work week XXXXXXX-G LLLLLLL RIC YYWW
FM24C512, Green EIAJ SOIC package, Year 2006, Work Week 30 FM24C512-G A60003G1 RIC 0630
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FM24C512
Revision History
Revision 0.1 1.0 Date 6/15/06 8/22/06 Summary Product Preview Changed to Preliminary status. Changed IDD and ISB limits.
Rev. 1.0 Aug. 2006
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